30 Archaic Adjectives and Adverbs

30 Archaic Adjectives and Adverbs 30 Archaic Adjectives and Adverbs 30 Archaic Adjectives and Adverbs By Mark Nichol The words below are either obsolete, archaic, or old-fashioned, and though those in the latter category can still be found in modern writing, use all with caution. Sparing use keeps these words alive and adds a whimsical or quaint note, but too frequent recourse to such antiquities will have you sounding like a Renaissance Faire refugee. (Most are adjectives or adverbs or both; some can function as other parts of speech as well, as indicated.) 1. Anon (adv.): soon, or later (â€Å"They will arrive anon†; â€Å"I will reveal more anon†) 2. Aright (adv.): correctly (â€Å"Did I hear aright?†) 3. Athwart (adj., prep.): across (â€Å"The locked chest lay athwart the planks†) 4. Belike (adv.): probably (â€Å"Belike we are more similar than you think†) 5. Enow (adj., adv.): enough (â€Å"If I had loved enow, I would be a happier man†) 6. Fain (adj., adv.): willing, compelled, inclined, pleased (â€Å"Fain am I to hear you sing†) 7. Forsooth (adv.): indeed (â€Å"Forsooth, I do believe you envy him†) 8. Forthwith (adv.): immediately (â€Å"Carry this message forthwith†) 9. Froward (adj.): contrary, adverse (â€Å"His horse was froward, and threw him when he set his spurs†) 10. Heretofore (adv.): up to this time (â€Å"Heretofore, I had not believed it possible†) 11. Hither (adj., adv.): to this place (â€Å"Come hither when you are able†) 12. Hitherto: see heretofore 13. Lief (adj., adv.): beloved (â€Å"You are my lief friend†); willing (â€Å"I would as lief be beside you now†) 14. Mayhap (adv.): perhaps (â€Å"Mayhap we shall see them tomorrow†) 15. Meet (adv.): appropriate (â€Å"It is meet that you do so†) 16. Nary (adj.): not any or not one (â€Å"Nary a sign have I seen of him†) 17. Natheless (adv.): nevertheless (â€Å"Though it is dangerous, natheless will I go) 18. Needs (adv.): necessarily (â€Å"I must needs be heard so that all shall know†) 19. Nigh (adj., adv.; prep.): near, nearly, direct (â€Å"Those who pursue are nigh upon us†) 20. Peradventure (adj., adv., prep.): see mayhap (also n.: a doubt or chance) 21. Posthaste (adj., adv., n.): immediate (â€Å"Your posthaste reply is appreciated†); as quickly as possible (â€Å"We will arrive posthaste†) 22. Puissant (adj.): powerful (â€Å"She is a puissant adversary†) 23. Sith (adv.): since (â€Å"Sith that time, I have wept often over the memory†) 24. Strait (adj., adv.): narrow, or strict or rigorous (â€Å"I would have you be strait in your habits†) 25. Thither (adj., adv.): there, on the other or farther side (â€Å"Our host took us thither†; â€Å"What you seek is in the thither valley†) 26. Verily (adv.): certainly, truly, with confidence (â€Å"Verily, I did see it with my own eyes†) 27. Whereof (adv., conj.): of what (â€Å"Whereof have you seen in the world?†) 28. Withal (adv., prep.): besides, nevertheless (â€Å"Though you may be right, I withal must see for myself†) 29. Yare (adj.): agile, handy, ready (â€Å"She’s a yare vessel, all right†) 30. Yon (adj., adv., pron.): over there (â€Å"I ride to yon village†; â€Å"What do you see yon?†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Grammar Mistakes You Should AvoidBetween vs. In BetweenWhat the heck are "learnings"?

Example Cognitive Evaluation †Psychology Research Paper

Example Cognitive Evaluation – Psychology Research Paper Free Online Research Papers Example Cognitive Evaluation Psychology Research Paper Miss Alias volunteered to be evaluated in order to assist the examiner in obtaining experience and basic understanding in administering and interpreting cognitive instruments. This was a requirement for Forensic Assessment I 6705. BACKGROUND HISTORY: Miss Alias is a single 33-year-old female. She was born in the City, California and raised in an intact, upper class family of British, German, and Norwegian descent. She has one sibling, who is two years, her elder. All members of her family are highly educated with â€Å"respectable† jobs. Her father is a mechanical engineer who has a Bachelor of and Science degree in engineering. Her mother is a teacher and has a degree in home economics. Her sister is an attorney who also has a master’s degree in Library Arts and Science. Miss Alias is a high level executive in advertising who has a BS degree in Finance and Business Administration. She owns a â€Å"moderately† large house located in prestigious part of the city in which she lives. She explained that in the future she would like to be married and have a child while maintaining her career. Miss Alias stated that she was very pleased with her job. Miss Alias reported that she had a â€Å"reasonably happy childhood.† Her extracurricular activities included: Pixies, Brownies, Girl Scouts, Tap dancing, Cheerleading, Swimming, National Charity league, and Tennis. She described herself as being outgoing at an early age, always playing with the neighborhood children, and having a â€Å"large† number of friends. As a group activity her family worked on remodeling their house. She remembered she and her sister having to clean the used bricks, which left their hands raw and bloody. Miss Alias stated that at times her sister and she would feel their parents loved their house more than their children. Although she never witnessed her parents fighting, she said they were non-demonstrative towards each other. She said her parents do not believe in God, which is difficult, because she aliass. She stated that her parents view individuals who have a religious affiliation as being weak; therefore she hides her belief in God from them. Miss Alias stated that â€Å"conflicts between herself and her sister started when she arrived home from the hospital at birth.† She explained that her sister always wanted to â€Å"kill† her. Her sister hid her favorite stuffed animal, hit her, and threw heavy objects at her. Miss Alias stated that her parents’ thoughts were that â€Å"her sister could do no wrong† and would say â€Å"poor Karen what are we going to do about Karen.† Her family considered Miss Alias to be the beauty of the family and because of this, they told her she was â€Å"blessed†. Her sister was not considered beautiful and because of this Miss Alias felt guilty. Her current relationship with her sister is â€Å"better†, although Miss. Alias said she is waiting for the â€Å"other shoe to drop.† She stated that she could never trust her sister. Educational History: Miss Alias stated that in kindergarten, she had a hard time reading and spelling. Because of this her parents made her read extra books as well as memorize all the state capitals which helped her overcome this difficulty. She stated that she was forced by her mother to become right handed. Her weakest area was spelling and her strongest area was mathematics. She reported her intellectual and academic abilities as being above average. She was enrolled in advanced placement classes, graduating high school with a 4.5 GPA. She graduated from college in less than three years with a 3.0 GPA. She stated that she was an exemplary student, never receiving detention, nor ever being reprimanded in school. Work History: Miss Alias performed various odd jobs before her college years. During college, she concentrated on her studies and was fortunate to have parents who would support her without her having to work while she attended school. Upon graduation from college she obtained employment at a bank as a new accounts customer service representative. While at the bank she became acquainted with people in the modeling industry, and although she occasionally modeled she mainly became interested in becoming a scout for new talent. She thereupon withdrew from the bank and worked for a modeling agency two years as a scout. Following this, she obtained a position in an advertising agency as an account executive. The reason for this career change, according to her, is that she was not using her finance and business training, which was â€Å"going to waste.† Miss Alias rapidly rose up in the ranks in the advertising agency, to the point that she is presently holding some major accounts essentially on her own. In her present position as an account executive, Miss Alias is required to use various cognitive and intellectual capabilities, including verbal communication (holding meetings with clients and colleagues, giving presentations, talking on the phone, working on reports and developing ad campaigns). In addition, she uses her creative abilities to a great extent, as she either individually or in cooperation with coworkers develops such verbal and visual structures as advertising copy, layouts, logos, slogans, music, art and photos as well as other aspects of ad campaigns. Health History: Miss Alias was the product of a 9 1/2 month pregnancy. Birth weight was 6 pounds 4 ounces. Her birth was complicated due to the umbilical cord being wrapped around her neck two times. Aside from this complication she was healthy. Her developmental milestones were reported to be normal. Miss Alias stated that her mother might have drunk wine while carrying her. Miss Alias reported that at the age of four her sister pushed her, resulting in her â€Å"cracking her head.† She stated she was injured and required stitches. In 1988, at the age of 15, Miss Alias states she was raped by a classmate while attending a debate competition. Miss Alias reported that in 1989, at the age of 16, while intoxicated at a party, six men â€Å"violently† raped her, after the rape, she blacked out. She did not know what caused her to black out. She sought no medical treatment following this event. At the age of 18 Miss Alias reports she contacted a rape crisis counseling center. In 1992, at the age of 20, while getting out of the shower, her sister, hit her with her fists and knocked her onto the floor, she said she slightly hitting her head. She denies being injured or unconscious. In 2000, at the age of 28, she had a concussion, due to a car accident. After the accident she could not make proper sentences for approximately three days and then she reported feeling normal. She reported that she was in the backseat of her friend’s car, when the car was hit by another car, sending the car spinning. The first thing she remembered before the collision was the other car turning towards her. The first thing she remembered seeing, after the accident, was the airbag dust and crackers that were spread throughout the car. She went home, believing she was fine. Two days after the accident she was dismissed from work for the day, in order for her to see a doctor. The doctor took x-rays and told her she had a concussion and would be fine. Drug and Alcohol History: Although Miss Alias experimented with â€Å"street drugs,† during her adolescent years, at the present time, she restricts herself to moderate social drinking. She aliass not smoke cigarettes or marijuana. Physical Appearance: Miss Alias is a 33 year-old Caucasian female. She presents herself with a well groomed and fashionable appearance. She is approximately 5’ 3† with blonde hair and blue eyes. She arrived for the evaluation in casual chic attire; wearing a grey v neck tee shirt with black slacks and black high heels and carrying a black cardigan sweater. She appears clean and well groomed. BEHAVIOR OBSERVATIONS AND RESPONSE TO EVALUATION: Miss Alias was courteous and cooperative during the evaluation, but appeared at times overly nervous about the correctness of her responses. During the assessment tasks that required more creative thinking, such as Picture Completion, she was anxious to find the correct answers and looked to the examiner as to whether her responses were correct. The examiner responded that it was not a part of the assessment process to give her the answers. At times during the assessment process, Miss Alias manifested anxious behavior, especially during the timed tests. At other times she appeared indifferent. She was mostly enthusiastic and eager to perform the tasks correctly and in a timely matter. However, during the later subtests, she almost seemed numb and emotionally insensitive, perhaps from fatigue. During the assessment process, Miss Alias maintained eye contact with the examiner and seemed especially attuned to the time limits allotted during the timed tasks. During these times she looked anxiously at the examiner for some clue when the allotted time would elapse. Before each task she asked if it were timed and occasionally stated that she liked the â€Å"challenge† of being timed. Miss Alias maintained an upright posture during the session, which was neither rigid nor slack. She did not apparently tire during the assessment process until the very end. At various times during the assessment process, Miss Alias asked the examiner for particulars as to why the tests were being administered and how the results would be interpreted or applied to her case. She was extremely curious and eager to learn all that she could before, during, and after the assessment. At the end of assessment, she appeared neither anxious to leave, nor desiring to stay. She appeared tired when she stood up and left. Miss Alias commented that although she felt â€Å"stupid† at times she found the experience to be â€Å"unique, perplexing and extremely interesting.† THE EVALUATION PROCEDURES: Interview Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third Edition (WAIS – III) Wide Range Achievement Test, Version IV (WRAT – 4) Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test – Third Edition (PPVT – III) Observation RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Intellectual Factors. Miss Alias was administered the WAIS III, which is a measure of an individual’s intellectual ability and overall cognitive capabilities. This assessment instrument is made up of 14 separate subtests that are divided into two major areas: Verbal subtests and Performance subtests. The Verbal subtests consist of tasks that involve language and logical verbal sequencing, while the Performance subtests consist of tasks that involve visual and spatial reasoning. Miss Alias completed the WAIS III in 3 hours and 37 minutes. Objective results of the WAIS – III were as follows: Scale IQ 95% Confidence Interval Percentile Rank Verbal Scale 115 110-119 84th Performance Scale 87 81-95 19th Full Scale 103 91-99 58th Factor Index 95% Confidence Interval Percentile Rank Verbal Comprehension 120 114-124 91st Perceptual Organization 93 86-101 32nd Working Memory 109 102-115 73rd Processing Speed 81 74-92 10th Scaled Percentile Corresponding Scaled Percentile Corresponding Subtest Score Rank IQ Subtest Score Rank IQ Picture Vocabulary 12 75th 110 Completion 5 5th 75 Digit Symbol- Similarities 16 (S) 98th 130 Coding 6 9th 95 Block Arithmetic 14 (S) 91st 120 Design 12 (S) 75th 110 Matrix Digit Span 9 (W) 37th 95 Reasoning 10 50th 100 Picture Information 13 84th 115 Arrangement 8 25th 90 Symbol Comprehension 11 63rd 105 Search 7 16th 85 Letter-Number Object Sequencing 12 75th 110 Assembly 8 25th 90 *(S) indicates a significant relative strength, p < .05; (W) indicates a significant relative weakness, p < .05. Miss Alias’s Full-Scale IQ is 103, which is in the Average range of intellectual ability. This score is at the 58th percentile of the general American population. Individuals in this range can be expected to perform moderate mental tasks and often may be found in non-managerial, professional career tracks. Persons having a Full-Scale IQ in this range sometimes obtain a higher education. In addition to the Full-Scale IQ, the WAIS - III also measures separate Verbal and Performance abilities. It is interesting to note there is a significant discrepancy between Miss Alias’s Verbal IQ (115) and her Performance IQ (87). Her Verbal IQ is significantly higher than her Performance IQ, which indicates a disparity between her language-related capabilities and her visual spatial capabilities. While her Verbal IQ lies at the 84th percentile, her Performance IQ is at the 19th percentile. These scores indicate that Miss Alias scores within the top 16% of the general American population (in the High Average range) in her verbal ability, and within the Low Average range, 19th percentile, on her non-verbal ability. The WAIS - III also provides four Indexes that measure ability clusters. These include the Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Organization Index, Working Memory Index and Processing Speed Index. The Verbal Comprehension Index is a good measure of language ability and language-related intellectual capacity. On this Index, Miss Alias’s score is 120, which indicates that she is in the top 9% of the general American population. This score is in the Superior range. Miss Alias’s second highest Index score is in the Working Memory Index 109, which is at the 73rd percentile. This score is in the Average range. This score indicates that Miss Alias has an Average short-term memory capacity for learning either verbal or numeric information. On the Perceptual Organizational Index, Miss Alias had a score of 93, which is considered in the Average range and lies at the 32nd percentile. This result indicates that Miss Alias’s perceptual abilities, in such areas such as sp atial reasoning, is substantially below her verbal abilities. Furthermore, Miss Alias scored 81 on the Processing Speed Index in the Low Average range (at the 10th percentile). This result indicates that Miss Alias’s cognitive abilities appeared to be slowed in a way that aliass not match her high verbal capacities. Miss Alias’s strengths and weaknesses can be most effectively evaluated by examining three sets of data: her IQ scores, her Index scores and her Subtests scores. First, in evaluating her IQ scores there is a discrepancy between her Verbal IQ and her Performance IQ of 28 points. Miss Alias’s verbal intellectual capacities are much higher than her performance intellectual capacities with a difference that is significant at the .05 alpha level. This difference might indicate certain weaknesses related to abilities measured by the Performance Scale or might indicate an organic or functional disorder. In terms of Miss Alias’s Indices, her Verbal Comprehension Index is far higher than the other Indices, which include Working Memory Index, Perceptual Organization Index and Processing Speed Index. The most striking difference is a Superior score on Verbal Comprehension Index as compared with Low Average performance on Processing Speed Index. This discrepancy indicates that Miss Alias’s verbal comprehension and expression are in the Superior range as well as her nonverbal reasoning ability involving visual stimuli and concrete materials. Conversely, on tasks that emphasize non-verbal reasoning ability as well as tests that require visceral motor processing speed Miss Alias falls within the average general population. These results are perplexing when taken into account that she has a college degree and works in a high level managerial position. To further clarify the discrepancies in her results the subtest scores will be examined. On such subscales as Vocabulary, Similarities, Information, Arithmetic and Letter Number Sequencing Miss Alias scored in the Very Superior, Superior or High Average range. These results indicate that Miss Alias’s concentration on computational skill sequencing, verbal information and language related abilities are on a level that is equivalent to her professional capacities. She especially aliass well on verbal tasks that require information. However, on verbal tasks that require short term memory such as Digit Span and Comprehension she falls within the Average range. The results from the verbal subscales seem to indicate that Miss Alias’s capacities are most pronounced when processing speed or short-term memory are not involved in the task. While looking at the Performance subtests, Miss Alias scores in the Low Average range and Borderline range on such subtests as Picture Completion and Symbol Search. The tasks involved in these subtests require short-term visual memory, concentration, attention and a person’s ability to pick out essential from nonessential details, as well as visio-spatial reasoning abilities. The subtests that are most markedly low involve processing speed assignments, on such tasks Miss Alias performs poorly. She scored in the Average range in Matrix Reasoning, Picture Arrangement, and Digit Symbol Coding. The only Performance scale subtest that Miss Alias performed in the High Average range was Block Design. Objective results of the PVVT – III were as follows: Chr. Age Raw Score Standard Score Percentile Rank N.C. Equiv. Stanine Age Equiv. 33-1 166 88 21st 33 3 17-01 Miss Alias was administered the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test - Third Edition which is a test that measures receptive verbal ability. Her scores on this measure are well below her age mates. Miss Alias scored at the 75th percentile on the WAIS – III Verbal Comprehension Index in contrast to her score in the 21st percentile on the PVVT – III. This suggests that Miss Alias’s expressive appears to be more advanced then her receptive vocabulary. Achievement Factors. Objective results of the WRAT IV were as follows: Subtest Standard Score Percentile Word Reading 103 58th Sentence Comprehension 107 68th Spelling 107 68th Math Computation 116 86th Reading Composite 103 58th The Wide Range Achievement Test IV is incorporated in the test battery administered to Miss Alias to provide a more diverse base of assessment, that is helpful in evaluating for possible educational and or vocational strengths and weaknesses that might impact personal, educational, and or vocational goals. The WRAT IV is a norm referenced test that measures academic skills. The assessment included subsets such as Word Reading, Sentence Comprehension, Spelling, and Math Computation for individuals between 5 and 94 years old. The Word Reading component is an estimate of letter and word decoding skills that are measured through letter identification and word recognition. The Sentence Comprehension subtest is an assessment of an individual's ability to comprehend meaning, ideas, and information contained in sentences using a cloze technique. The Spelling subtest is an estimate of an individual's ability to encode verbal information into written format. The Math Computation subtest is an overall assessment of mathematics ability regarding oral and written materials. The results of Miss Alias’s WRAT IV assessment indicate an average intellectual ability in verbal and a high average in number related skills. Her subtests scores on Word Reading, Sentence Comprehension, Spelling and Reading Composite are within the average range of ability that indicates the verbal intellectual abilities of the average college student. Her highest subtest score was in Math Computation which indicated a better ability to handle numerical information and calculations. The score comparisons between the subtests do not indicate a marked discrepancy between the various achievement abilities measured by the WRAT IV. Moreover, the results of the WRAT IV for Miss Alias do not indicate any significant cognitive weaknesses and or learning disorders, they fit the profile of an average college educated adult. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: The overall results from this assessment indicate an inconsistent profile of an average learner who may suffer cognitive and or organic deficits that may impair the consistency of her performance. This inconsistent profile can be exemplified by Miss Alias’s Low Average performance on the Peabody compared with her Very Superior performance on the Similarities subtest of the WAIS -III. In addition a marked inconsistency can be seen by comparing the profiles obtained of the examinee on the WAIS - III and the WRAT - IV. On the WAIS - III Miss Alias performed in the High Average range on tasks that emphasized verbal reasoning, arithmetic and informational tasks. However, in tests that involved nonverbal visio spatial manipulations, creative thinking, working memory and processing speed, Miss Alias’s scores were below the majority of individuals in her age group. Her scores on the WRAT – IV, however, indicate a consistent profile of an average learner and a well-ba lanced ability to deal with information, both verbal and numerical. The keys to this inconsistency may be within both Miss Alias’s results on the PVVT–III and in her low scores on the WAIS - III for both Performance IQ and Processing Speed Index. Miss Alias’s Low Average performance on the PVVT–III (21st percentile), when compared with her results for the Verbal subtests on the WAIS - III and in her Verbal subtests scores for the WRAT IV might indicate either memory or processing problems. Miss Alias’s apparent deficits in slowness of processing speed and short-term memory performance may be due to possible brain damage, as her history indicates that she suffered a concussion six years ago and lost her ability to form sentences for a short time. There may have been a residual amount of damage that resulted from the accident, as well as other reported head â€Å"impacts.† Furthermore, these deficits may be caused by either attention deficits, anxiety or the psychological residue experienced in past years, an attention deficit disorder might account for the inconsistency between Miss Alias’s test scores on these assessments as it would explain the discrepancy between her ability and her performance. Perhaps during certain assessments administered by this examiner Miss Alias faltered because of distractions or lack of attention. In addition, the fact that Miss Alias experienced being raped by six men could lead to post-traumatic stress disorder that might manifest in an inability to focus on a given task. RECOMMENDATIONS: Considering the results of this evaluation, the following recommendations are suggested: 1. It is recommended that Miss Alias undergo a full neurological examination that can determine whether her deficits may be due to organic brain damage or some other neurological deficit. 2. Because the Picture Completion subtest from the WAIS – III is so substantially than all other abilities, it is recommended that Miss Alias undergoes a complete physical examination by a physician to determine if she suffers from any vision impairments, nutritional deficits, physical illness or disease. Low scores on this subtest may reflect vision difficulties, alertness to the environment, field dependence/independence and visual acuity. 3. It is also recommended that she is further assessed for attention deficit disorder and or post-traumatic stress disorder due to her lower score in the Symbol Search subtest from the WAIS – III. Low scores on this subtest may reflect attention span, concentration, distract ability, visual acuity, verbal elaboration, visual elaboration, planning, reflectivity/impulsivity or ability to perform under time pressure. 4. To address Miss Alias’s processing difficulties, it may be helpful for Miss Alias to use mnemonic aids and verbal mediation strategies. Research Papers on Example Cognitive Evaluation - Psychology Research PaperPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThree Concepts of PsychodynamicStandardized TestingCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is Art

The British Sport Horse Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The British Sport Horse Industry - Essay Example The most important breakthrough in the thoroughbred industry was the commercialisation of horse breeding and the achievements of UK in international events. Local breeders were provided with avenues to improve on their crafts and continuously evolve equestrian in UK. In addition, the local breeders were given the autonomy to compete with the foreign breeders. The equine industry has several potentials including revenues for the government and ordinary individuals. Indeed, these developments are critical in the decision of investing on horse breeding. Definitely, breeding horses provide opportunities for investors to create local breeding fences that will house majority of the horses used for different purposes. The next discussions will assess the market for equestrian and the processes that have to be considered before entering to such venture. Also, other aspects that impact the proposed investment will be analysed. In the 1970s to the early 1890s, horses were principally imported and used for military purposes. The number of horses was less that 200,000 and valued currently at approximately 250 million Sterling Pounds. Because of the excessive cost, the government during that period suggested local breeding of horses. After the controversy in the British Equestrian industry, the government decided to create a new institution to manage the development of thoroughbreds used for equestrian. It is important for the country to improve its methods in breeding horses. (SHBGB, 2006) The government created the program involving the Ministry of Agriculture and War Office offered premiums to breeders. The project continued since the individuals from the military supported the financial necessities of the project. The project, however, was stalled when UK was involved in the Second World War. After the war, the project was backed first by the Totalisator Boards, and subsequently by the HBLB. The project became more independent and decided to stop the financial backing in support to its own operations. It was the start of a new era in the UK equine industry. (SHBGB, 2006) Through the years, the demand for horses has increased as equestrian and other events have become prominent. Selective breeding has been emphasised among local breeders. The focus of breeding shifted to quality and the promotion of competition. Consequently, the Sports Horse Breeding of Great Britain was established to regulate the industry. The committee determined the horses to be used in specific events such as equestrian. 1.2. The Current Situation The Sports Horse Breeding of Great Britain (SHBGB) is composed of professional with direct and indirect interest to horse breeding. SHBGB members select a council that will lead the society. Out of the 3,500 members, 15 will be selected as the representative of the society. To further expedite its functions, SHBGB divided the institutions into three sub-committees. These committees include: the Brood Mare Committee, the Stallion Committee, and the Show Committee. The sub-committees have tasks to perform to ensure that local bred horses are superior and perform beyond expectations. (SHBGB, 2006) Holistically, the purpose of SHBGB is to maintain the stud books. Moreover, SHBGB is tasked to disseminate information on the achievements of the British bred

Investment in Staff Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Investment in Staff Development - Essay Example It could consist of classroom training, on-the-job training, or lectures. Since every individual learns differently, different methods of training can also be combined together. Training is imperative for technological advances and for every employee to be on the same page when new programs or updates are added. Statement of the Purpose The purpose for this work plan is to determine the positive effects to investing in staff development, and the different approaches that meet the needs of many companies. Research will include the importance of the Human Resource Department, different programs and processes used by many organizations, and finally the expectations. Research Strategy and Methods of Data Collection Sources for this work plan will include sources from the Walsh Database. I will look for articles relating to the importance of the HR department, the different programs used by companies, and articles involving the advantages and disadvantages of investing in staff developmen t Tentative Outline The tentative outline for this work plan is as follows: I. Introduction A. Purpose B. Scope C. Sources II. Human Resource Department A. Goals B. Costs C. Time III. Methods A. Classroom B. On-the-job C. Lectures IV. Expectations A. Advantages B. Disadvantages V. Conclusion VI. Recommendations Timeline and Breakdown of Tasks to Be Completed TASK ASSIGNMENTS AND SCHEDULE Each phase of this report will be completed by the following dates: Conduct Research 8/14/2012 Interpret Information 8/15/2012 Write First Draft 8/17/2012 Practice 8/20/2012 Revise 8/24/2012 Submit paper 8/27/2012 Presentation 9/10/2012 Sincerely, Jwana Matloob Contents Contents 4 Introduction 5 On-the-Job Training 6 Off-the-Job Training 7 Advantages 7 References 11 Introduction The success of firm not only depends on the available resources, but rather depends greatly on the competencies as well as quality of its human resources (Browell, 2000). The level of development of the human resource determ ines the production process efficiency and the effectiveness of the different management areas. Consequently, the human resource function of an organization refers to the employees’ skills, knowledge, aptitude, creative abilities, talents and the values/beliefs. This research report demonstrates the importance of investing in staff development. It will also determine the positive effect in employee development and the difference approaches that companies can use in order to instill new and up-to-date skills within its work force (Keck & Alper, 2006). Such methods include education and training which are very essential in staff development. Human Resource Development (HRD) HRD is the process by which individuals in an organization grow professionally through the attainment of new knowledge and skills as they also increase their competence levels (Black & Armstrong, 2005). HR department is useful in any type of organization whether it be retail, medical, educational, or any typ e of business. This department handles all the hiring, firing, training development, employee retention and everything that deals with employees. Human Resource employees recruit the right people for the organization and for certain positions. It helps an organization communicate with its employees with any problems between co-workers,

Rotation of Auditors Improving Quality of Audits Essay

Rotation of Auditors Improving Quality of Audits - Essay Example Being faced by many of the threats the financial statements are deemed to provide true and fair view and audit of the financial statements depicts that whether the information provided in the financial statements are up to the standards upon which the financial statements are to be presented and issued. The quality of the audit is crucial for the integrity and reliability of the information provided and disclosed in the financial statements. With the continuous increase upon the integrity of the financial statements there are efforts made and put in to practice in order to provide high quality audit. Many of the legislations and regulations are formed to excel the quality of the audit so that the quality audit can enhance the integrity of the financial statements. There are many factors, which contributed towards the quality of the audit and their relation with the quality of financial statements, one of which is the rotation of the auditors. The independence of the auditors is one o f the major factor which reflects the quality of audit. The impact of the rotation of auditors upon the quality of audit ensuring auditor independence and how the factors affecting the auditors’ independence are tackled with rotation of audit is discussed. Importance of Audit Quality The quality of the audit is crucial for every user as the financial statements fulfilling the information requirement, which is different in every case. The importance of the transparency of information is critical as the users are dependent upon the provided information and that information is needed to be completely free of bias and should present the true and fair view of the company (Zabihollah, et al., 2003). The quality of the audit of the financial statements is decisive for every user as it is the quality of audit that depicts the dependency and reliability of the information provided in the financial statement. Regulations and Principals The importance of the audit is of utmost important as it elaborates the transparency and quality of the information that the company provides in its financial and non-financial statements (Anna & James, 2009). The information that is scrutinized in the audit process depicts the quality of the audit. The quality of audit is measured upon various techniques where the relation of the auditor is one of the major factors that result in the rotation of the auditors. The ethical implication of the audit and the principals provided by the international auditing and assurance standard board are issued in order to guide through the quality of audit. There are various legislations imposed in various countries where the rotation of the auditors is set as compulsory for the company. The importance of the audit is realized and various regulations were made and implemented. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board has implemented laws that are mandatory to be followed where the rotation of the auditors are set to be followed by the companies . Corporate governance failure caused many of the scandals that gave rise to many of the regulations (Francine, 2011). In the corporate governance the best practice principals denotes the quality of audit to be enhanced when the rotation of the auditor is made after every three years. The corporate governance best practice is dedicated towards the operations of the company, which depicts the

Dual Diagnosis: Eating Disorders and Alcohol/Substance Abuse

Dual Diagnosis: Eating Disorders and Alcohol/Substance Abuse Alcoholism is characterized by a strong craving to drink, an inability to stop drinking once beginning, a physical dependence upon alcohol to prevent symptoms of withdrawal, and a need for greater amounts of alcohol due to increased tolerance. Substance abuse is defined as the routine use of harmful substances for mood-altering purposes and can include illicit drugs, such as cocaine or heroin, prescription or over-the-counter drugs. Because alcoholism and substance abuse are known as co-occurring disorders, it usually develops alongside other illnesses, such aseating disorderor anxiety disorder. Eating disorders have been associated with high risk substance abuse as the individual has extremely low self-esteem and anxiety, to cope with their painful feelings they turn to stimulants like cocaine or meth, alcohol, laxatives, diuretics, emetics and amphetamines with are frequently used to decrease appetite, increase metabolism, promote weight loss or to purge unwanted calories after eat ing. Symptoms that occur with eating disorders vary a lot. You can experience obsessive thoughts about food and body weight can change eating patterns such as dieting, making excuses not to eat, avoidance of social situations involving food, going to the bathroom straight after meals, your mood can fluctuate from feeling depressed, irritable or anxious, daily activities are affected as you don’t want to go out socially, exercising excessively, spending a lot of time talking about appearance or weight or looking in the mirror and appearance such as wearing baggy clothes to disguise their weight, losing or gaining weight, greasy or dry hair and skin. As a result of these symptoms many individuals turn to alcoholism or substance abuse especially when they become stressed, depressed, have anxiety, low self esteem as it can elevate their mood and become more relaxed in their own skin. Especially people with eating disorders can rely heavily on alcohol as they have symptoms that alcohol reduces for that period of binging. It also can eliminate their feelings of worthlessness. It is also used as a hunger suppressant and to lose weight.The coping mechanisms of purging, bingeing, restricting, drinking is used as they have lost their connection with the original problem, in other words to forget about reality.Or alcohol can have the opposite effect on the individual about their lifestyle and it could result in suicide. Diagnosis of condition: there are two ways to find out the diagnosis of eating disorders and they are a physical evaluations and psychological evaluations. The physical evaluations can include recording their weight and height to get their body mass index, check their vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, pulse, temperature. You need to check their skin integrity to see whether there are any skin tears or is dry and flaky. Also need to do an abdomen examination, urinalysis, blood test to check their electrolytes; as theses will show us if the liver, kidney and thyroid functions are healthy or not. Psychological evaluations involves asking questions regarding their eating habits, behavior, purging, bingeing, exercise, self image, alcohol and substance abuse. These questions can be administered by your doctor or a mental health professional. After undergoing both physical and psychological evaluations the doctor will then see if you fit the criteria by reviewing all your sign s and symptoms and then a diagnostic is given. Management of the condition is to be referred to a nutritionist, undergo psychotherapy and be placed on medication to prevent hospitalization. The nutritionist will educate you and get you back to a healthy weight range; psychotherapist will help you exchange your unhealthy habits for healthy ones to ensure you have changed your eating habits and also educate them on the effects that the alcohol is having on their bodies. There is no medication that can cure eating disorders but can assist you with your sudden urges to binge or purge. They can also be given anti-depressants for depression and anxiety as this will most likely occur in eating disorders. Relaxation therapy is also extremely effective such as yoga, acupuncture, and massage and chamomile tea. They can also get counseling about their alcohol and drug addiction and slowly withdraw them off the substances. There are many companies and support groups out now that can help individuals with both drug and alcohol abuse. What is the prevalence of the condition in the Australian population? Eating disorders affect 9% of the Australian population, with up to 20% of females being not yet diagnosed. There has there been an increase in the prevalence in the past decade as it has doubled for both males and females. The reason for this change is that more teenagers are more susceptible to the pressures of social media and self image of being the perfect shape and size. It is becoming easier to access drugs and alcohol off the streets or have connections with individuals that are older and can buy it for them. Bullying in primary, secondary and tertiary schools and workplace related bullying. As a health professional, what could you do to participate in the ongoing education of people in society in relation to mental health and the disorder you have chosen? By going to local primary schools, high schools and tertiary schools to educate the students on the real risk factors of eating disorders drugs and alcohol have on their health and also talk about not falling to the social media pressures of being size 0 and trying to fit in. Place flyers up in local shops/companies/doctors clinic for people to read. Place adds in the news papers and online to spread the awareness of the affects that eating disorders and substance abuse can have on our selves, friends, families, co-workers and communities. How could you improve or maintain the flow of information between service providers and the community in relation to mental health? By running weekly forums on eating disorders and alcoholism to all ages, having various websites that the community can visit at any time, place ads on the TV about the impacts of eating disorders and advise everyone to get regular checkups at their local general practitioner. Dual diagnosis services are to support the development of responses of mental health and drug treatment services to individuals with both mental illness and substance use problems. They strive to develop the potential of hospital and community based alcohol and drug, and mental health treatment and support services to improve health outcomes of individuals with a dual diagnosis. Desiree Wyatt References Sane Australia. 2010.eating disorders. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.sane.org/information/factsheets-podcasts/179-eating-disorder. [Accessed 17 March 14]. The free dictionary. 2013.compulsive eating. [ONLINE] Available at:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Compulsive+Eating. [Accessed 17 March 14]. Mayo clinic. 2013.eating disorders. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eating-disorders/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20033575. [Accessed 17 March 14]. National eating disorders collaboration. 2013.eating disorders in Australia. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.nedc.com.au/eating-disorders-in-australia. [Accessed 17 March 14]. eastern heath great health and wellbeing. 2013.dual diagnosis. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.easternhealth.org.au/services/mentalhealth/adult/dualdiagnosis.aspx. [Accessed 17 March 14]. Integrated Treatment of Substance Abuse Mental Illness. 2014. dual diagnosis, eating disorders. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.dualdiagnosis.org/eating-disorders/. [Accessed 16 July 14].

From Taco Bell to Tanzania Essay example -- Graduate Admissions Essays

From Taco Bell to Tanzania I lived until the age of 18 in Lacey, Washington, a small town made up mostly of the strip malls and Taco Bell fast food restaurants that line Interstate 5 from Portland to Seattle. Very few of my high school classmates left this town, and instead moved back into the service industries and lower rungs of state bureaucracy where their parents had worked before them. For those of us who wanted to leave, the only routes, at the time, seemed to be the military or higher education. Since, by middle school, I had been tracked into college prep courses, I assumed that I would go to college but did not know where or what to study. In our garage, my grandfather kept back issues of National Geographic dating to the 1920's. The summer before starting high school, he paid me to dust them and it was then that I discovered something called "Anthropology" which, when studied, appeared to lead to a more interesting life in a more interesting place. For my Freshman Physical Science course's "SCIENCE CAREERS DAY," I wrote "Anthropology" down as my career goal, though I knew nothing at the time about the discipline besides the name. I likewise chose a college which I knew nothing about - Lewis and Clark in Oregon - because the brochure mentioned that there were several dozen overseas programs available through the school. Though I could have gone to India, Indonesia, Ecuador, Australia, Korea or many other countries, I decided to apply for Kenya because the year before I had read a book about nomads and the program included a unit on nomadic pastoralism and ecology. After rereading this book much later, I discovered it to be an incredibly sappy, melodramatic and condescending ... ...conflicts in other areas of social life. In the summer of 1994, I had the opportunity to travel to Tanzania on an SSRC Predissertation Grant to begin to establish affiliation, research clearance and possible fieldsites. I have also made contacts at the district level with officials and academics in the area. Though I already speak Kiswahili, the national language of Tanzania, I also have made arrangements to study Maa, the language of the Kisongo Maasai and WaArusha who live in the district in which I will be working. I am looking forward to working in Tanzania not only because of its political stability and unique history as a nation, but also because of the opportunity to generate information about children and education in pastoral communities there, a topic which is still under-researched despite the restructuring of national curriculum in recent years.

Gate log system using rf-id reader

Chapter oneGATE LOG SYSTEM USING RF-ID READER1.1 What is RFIDShort for wireless frequence designation, RFID is a dedicated short scope communicating ( DSRC ) engineering. The term RFID is used to depict assorted engineerings that use wireless moving ridges to automatically place people or objects. RFID engineering is similar to the saloon codification designation systems we see in retail shops everyday ; nevertheless one large difference between RFID and saloon codification engineering RFID does non trust on the line-of-sight reading that saloon codification scanning requires to work. 1.2 Why RFIDIn an progressively disconnected, regulated, and unsure universe, Texas Instruments ‘ ( TI ) RFID engineering gives concerns, authoritiess, and consumers a safe, private, and unnoticeable manner to maintain path of it all. Consumers benefit from shorter lines at check-out procedure counters, in infirmaries, libraries, and gas Stationss because RFID fast-tracks them to the forepart of the waiting line. They can besides profit from lower monetary values because of the efficiencies RFID brings to the supply concatenation. Business and establishments are turning to RFID engineering as they comply with authorities product-tracking ordinances, seeking to restrict larceny, cut down out-of-stock losingss, strengthen trade name trueness, and do interaction with clients a more positive experience. RFID is a mature, exhaustively tested engineering. In most RFID applications, the period of tests, proving, and economic feasibleness surveies is over. Large-scale RFID system rollouts are underway. 1.3 RFID Application OverviewThere are about as many RFID applications as there are concern types. Titanium has established a leading place in these basic classs:Automotive– Auto-makers have added security and convenience into an car by utilizing RFID engineering for anti-theft immobilizers and passive-entry systems.Animal Tracking– Ranchers and farm animal manufacturers use RFID engineering to run into export ordinances and optimise farm animal value. Wild animate beings are tracked in ecological surveies, and many pets that are tagged are returned to their proprietors.Asset Tracking– Hospitals and pharmaceuticss meet tough merchandise answerability statute law with RFID ; libraries limit larceny and maintain books in circulation more expeditiously ; and athleticss and amusement enterprisers find that â€Å" smart tickets † are their ticket to a better underside line and happier clients.Contact less Payments– Blue-chip companies such as American Ex press, Exxon Mobil, and MasterCard use advanced signifier factors enabled by TI RFID engineering to beef up trade name trueness and encouragement gross per client.Supply Chain– WalMart, Target, BestBuy, and other retail merchants have discovered that RFID engineering can maintain stock lists at the optimum degree, cut down out-of-stock losingss, bound shrinkage, and velocity clients through check-out lines.About from the beginning, TI was there: assisting set up criterions ; back uping the RFID supply concatenation of inlay and label makers ; and systematically using leading-edge semiconducting material engineering to the nucleus of RFID, the transponder. 1.4 Why this undertaking is of importWhat we are be aftering to make is a gate log system based on the new engineering which is the RF-ID READER, the user will hold a CARD that will let him to come in the gate, when he acquire near to the gate the receiving system will observe the card and read the informations stored on the card wirelessly by mean of the rf-id reader. The microcontroller on the receiving system will read the informations from the RF-ID reader and if the user is allowed to come in the microcontroller will give the signal to open the motor ( gate ) .else a message will look on the LCD and the motor will non open. An of import portion of our undertaking is the Personal computer interfacing so all of the operations and the event will be displayed on a log tabular array. 1.5 System block diagram: –The chief constituents that will be usedmovie microcontroller ( pic16f876A )DC-motor ( little motor for simulate open/close )Consecutive interface bit ( this bit will manage the electromotive force degrees between the microcontroller and the personal computer )RF ID-readerH-bridge this is a will known circuit which have two inputs from the microcontroller to drive the motor clock wise or counter clock wiseLCD ( liquid crystal show ) that will be used to expose the user figure and any coveted notes such as ( non known user )1.6 Features that leads to take ID-12d as the rf-id reader for this undertaking:It requires 5V supply ( it can be supplied from the same supply as movie )125kHz read frequence ( compatible with most sorts of releasing factor cards )EM4001 64-bit RFID ticket compatible9600bps TTL and RS232 end product ( can be connected straight to pic microcontroller utilizing the usart faculty )100mm read scope ( good reading distance )1.7 Method of operationThe end product of the rf-id reader is consecutive which will be connected straight to pic microcontroller, when the reader detects any rf-cards in scope it will read it and direct the ruddy informations ( 64-bit ) serially, the microcontroller will have those bytes and hive away them in a twine, so it will compare whether this Idaho is existed or non, this action will be displayed on the liquid crystal display. If the user is allowed to come in the gate so the microcontroller will publish the bid to the h-bridge to open the dc_motor, wait certain clip so publish the shutting bid. Besides the microcontroller will direct the information to the personal computer ( serially ) to be stored in a log tabular array Needed packagemikrobasic compiler, this will be used to compose the codification for the microcontrollerocular basic.NET, this package will be used to compose the plan that will have the information from the microcontroller and show it on a tabular array.

The Failure of Disney Paris Essays

The Failure of Disney Paris Essays The Failure of Disney Paris Paper The Failure of Disney Paris Paper Most famous amongst its flagship projects have been the eleven theme parks situated at different locations that attract swarms of people on a dally basis. However, as we come to learn, a big name and successful past alone may not be sufficient for success away from home. Factors such as culture, conditions, the way of life and other calculated steps can be crucial. Involved in the art of making fairytale over the years, Disneys European Journey was not always a fairytale. Improper information, wrong approaches of marketing, inadequate market research and Inability to cope with external factors could spoil the broth. What are the factors contributed to Ruddiness poor performance during its first ear of operation? When Disney entered Europe with Its Redolence theme park. It expected the same ethereal magic to work Its charm on masses as It had In the US and Japan. The initial failure of the park came as a rude shock to the management which sought to woo European households. Their know it all attitude and arrogance were to blame. Firstly, France has always had negative sentiments regarding American Imperialism and has never been fond of the strong economic and cultural influences it has actively or passively had over other countries. This was further exemplified by Idleness advertising on Its glitz and size, rather than luring barnacles by advertising Its rides and attractions. Mackey was also not a crowd puller, while the French had local characters like Asterisk to proudly hold on to. Disney had completely overlooked the implications of not considering cultural factors while managing the park. [1]The French love their wine, and banning alcohol In the park was doing the unthinkable and Insensitive to French culture and strict rules regarding facial hair for men. Its Important to keep In mind local culture before imposing strict company culture as this plays an important role in defining the verbal experience, fortunately Ruddiness had kennels to house pets since French people would never leave their pets at home during a vacation. Disney also did not get adequately informed about the way of life in Europe, particularly France where they expected a large portion of their potential market. Downsizing their breakfasts at restaurants Dates on malformations Tanat Europeans dont eat Dreariest, Ana expecting midsections family outings which were common in America worked against the requirements and lifestyles of their market. Ruddiness also seemed to fall out of the good books of the French overspent, ad agencies and banks which were formidable allies due to their overconfident and obstinate attitude. The dismal, unwelcoming winter weather in the north of France, the highly priced hotel rooms at Ruddiness, and the theme park by itself not being one that offers enough attractions to extend beyond a two day visit did not help in making things brighter. Disney never entertained the option of entering into partnerships even for the hotels. A large number of factors at the macro level also had direct influences on Ruddiness popularity and performance. For instance, transatlantic airfare wares and currency movements in 1992 made lying to Disorderly, Orlando cheaper than going to Paris.

Roger & Me Summary and Response essays

Roger & Me Summary and Response essays In Roger s decision to close down these factories ultimately left roughly half of Flints population on government support. The majority of the population was unable to obtain new jobs in Flint because the factories had supported most of the economy. What few alternative jobs there were in Flint were already taken by laid-off factory workers. In addition, many former factory technicians were under qualified for other jobs. Those that could have gone elsewhere in search of work felt too much loyalty to the town to leave it. The effects of this mass unemployment on families and the city was a sub-standard quality of life and a rising crime rate. Moore chronicles some of the duties of Deputy Fred, who handles evictions. In one scene, Deputy Fred must evict a family on Christmas. In an attempt to climb out of economic melt-down, the city of Flint hires an agency which builds a luxury Hyatt, commercial center, and amusement park in order to attract tourists. All three of the facilities, built with the citys money, close down because of lack of interest. All the while, GM has left Flint without any tools with which to climb out of its recession. Michael Moore maintains that GM had an obligation to the citizens of Flint to ensure that the former GM employees didnt face poverty. Job retraining could have enabled ex-GMs to find alternative work. Extended severance pay would have helped factory workers maintain their way of life while they looked for work. Roger Smith also could have cut his losses and opened up new factories in Flint to keep people employed. However, none of t ...

2. What were the greatest achievements of the Italian Renaissance Essay

2. What were the greatest achievements of the Italian Renaissance Explain your answer with reference to at least three works of art or literature - Essay Example Artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo thrived during this period, their works being considered masterpieces to this day. The works of the trio form the backbone of the Italian Renaissance and some of these shall be considered in this essay. One of the best-known works of the Italian Renaissance, and what can be considered one of its best accomplishments, is the fresco The Triumph of Galatea. This is a masterpiece by Raphael, which he painted for the Villa Farnesina, and is based on Greek mythology (Bruce 346). It is a depiction of how the Nereid Galatea became involved in a love situation with a shepherd. While this fresco is based on the mythology, it depicts a sight where Galatea is surrounded by humanoid sea creatures. This fresco is deemed one of Raphael’s supreme masterpieces whose meaning has been subject to speculation for a long time. The second, and perhaps the most well-known, work of art of this period is Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci. This painting is not only famous, but many books, songs, and poems have been written concerning it. This is because of the famed mystery, which the painting seems to carry with it. People who have visited it or viewed it have often wondered what da Vinci’s inte ntion for painting it was. While some people believe that it is just a regular painting, others have come up with theories concerning it, including that it holds a revered religious secret. The topic of the painting has an indistinct expression on her face. This expression has kept people interested in the painting for a long time, as each attempt to decipher its true meaning (McMullen). Art scholars continue to study it as ever-increasing theories, and myths develop around it. One of the most renowned pieces of art from the Italian Renaissance is the statue David, a monument by the sculptor Michelangelo, which is a representation of Biblical David, who was a favorite subject of Florentine artists, standing nude

Knowledge Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Knowledge Management - Term Paper Example This discussion stresses that it is always possible to build a network within the organization where data from various departments will be collaborated into a single centralized system before forwarding it to Google’s platform. As far as the use of the database is concerned to, the platform put forth by Google cloud services makes it possible for all individual systems within the organization to have a common access so that organizational roles and functions on the database can be undertaken on a collaborated purpose.As the report highlights  comes with the cloud services offered on Google’s website is that it makes organizational innovation more revealing. That is, is stimulates the act and practice of organizational innovation among the personnel within the organization. This is done in a number of ways. Because of the idea of bringing about collaboration, it becomes almost mandatory that every sector of the organization should be working on its own miniature databa se that would be forwarded into a centralized system before sending it to the Google database. This decentralized system eradicates the temptation that certain departments will be waiting on the centralized system to get all the work done. Rather, the innovative skill of every sector is quickened and brought alive as they all take up a role to deliver within the organization.  Expert systems and neural networks are both components of a technology based management system that is rooted in the principles of knowledge management.... cloud services offered such as replication, patch management and backups require that people within the system get themselves at breast with the technological time to be able to live up such challenges. By so doing, creativity and innovation is highlighted among the people because they will be forced to live up to modernity and time. 2. Generally, expert systems and neural networks are both components of a technology based management system that is rooted in the principles of knowledge management. This is because in both cases, there is that conscious effort by stakeholders to ensuring that the capabilities, insights and experiences available to the human resource base are identified, nurtured, utilized and developed through the use of basic technology (Guo & Sanchez, 2005). As far as expert systems is concerned, it could be said to be tilted more towards artificial intelligence that allows for the use of computer system to undertake the basic processes of decision-making that would have otherwise existed for the human resource to undertake. The process is referred to as expert systems because in its delivery of work, it functions and undertakes processes as a human expert would do. The capabilities available in expert systems thus have to do with the fact that it does not use logical procedures of developers but use consequential logical reasoning to solve complex problems. In the long run, the inadequacies and weaknesses of the creator of the systems are overshadowed by the complex reasoning capabilities of the system and this is a huge advantage to users of expert systems. Neural network is also attributed to artificial intelligence in the manner in which it uses the artificial basis of the biological concept of neurology to solve basic technological problems of